Apothecary

What is the difference between a tincture and an extract?

Both concentrate plant compounds in a solvent, but the terminology differs by tradition. Tinctures use alcohol as the solvent and are the standard in Western herbalism. Extracts can use alcohol, glycerin, vinegar, or water. In practice, most herbalists use “tincture” for alcohol-based preparations and “extract” as the broader category.

Is it safe to make herbal preparations at home?

Yes, provided you follow three rules. First, identify your plants with absolute certainty. Never use a plant you cannot positively identify. Second, research contraindications and drug interactions before using any medicinal herb. Third, start with well-documented, gentle herbs like chamomile, calendula, and lemon balm before working with more potent plants.

What proof alcohol should I use for tinctures?

Standard tinctures use 80-proof (40%) vodka, which extracts most water-soluble and alcohol-soluble compounds effectively. Resins and tough plant material (like myrrh or pine resin) need 95% grain alcohol. Glycerin-based tinctures (glycerites) work for those avoiding alcohol but extract fewer compounds. The recipes here specify the appropriate solvent for each plant.

How long does the tincture-making process take?

The folk method calls for 4 to 6 weeks of maceration: herbs submerged in alcohol, shaken daily, stored in a dark place. Some herbalists use a 2-week rapid method with finely chopped herbs and daily agitation. Percolation methods can produce a tincture in hours but require specific equipment. Most recipes here use the 4-week standard.

How do I know the right dosage for herbal preparations?

Dosage depends on the herb, the preparation method, and the person. These recipes provide traditional dosage ranges as a starting point. The general principle is to start low and increase gradually. A standard tincture dose is 30 to 60 drops (1 to 2 dropperfuls) taken 2 to 3 times daily, but potent herbs require much less. When in doubt, consult a qualified herbalist.